Island of the Sequined Love Nun Chapter 62~64

62 Like Clockwork Spies Malink found the old savage in a little clearing in the wilderness, peeing on a youthful banana tree. â€Å"I brought you food.† Malink dropped the bushel and plunked down under a tree. Sarapul appeared to be taking quite a while at his assignment. â€Å"Sometimes it's hard,† Malink said. â€Å"Sometimes I can't go at all,† Sarapul said. â€Å"It hurts.† He shivered and turned around with a smile, smoothing down his thu. â€Å"But not today.† He plunked down close to Malink and ventured into the crate for a hunk of fish. â€Å"I heard the music last night,† Sarapul said. â€Å"The white bitch comes all the more regularly now.† He offered Malink a bit of fish and the boss took it. â€Å"There are three picked in just ten days. I figure they won't return once in a while. Vincent says that she isn't the Sky Priestess. The pilot said she will murder us.† â€Å"Then we should fight.† â€Å"Knives against weapons? You recollect the war.† â€Å"I recall. Come.† He got up and drove Malink through the underbrush to an empty log. He came to in and pulled out a long pack enveloped by oiled sharkskin. â€Å"A man must take the quality of his adversaries. In the event that he can't eat him and take his quality, he should take his weapon.† Sarapul opened up the group to uncover a World War II vintage Japanese jolt activity rifle. He had clearly been visiting this spot in light of the fact that the rifle was secured with a slight layer of fish oil and shined like new. â€Å"I remove his head and took his gun.† Malink recalled the rage of the Japanese on his kin after the solider vanished. â€Å"You did that? You were the one?† â€Å"It was quite a while ago,† Sarapul said. He ventured into the pack again and pulled out three sparkling cartridges. â€Å"But I spared these.† â€Å"They have machine guns,† Malink said. â€Å"She doesn't.† The call came a brief time after 12 PM. Fold had dozed since he got to the lodging, stuffing bathroom tissue in his ears to shut out the clamor of the TV and Sepie sassing it. â€Å"Take a taxi to general aeronautics at the airport,† Jake said. â€Å"The overhang you need says Island Adventures as an afterthought. I'll be waiting.† Fold moved up and killed the TV. â€Å"Hey,† Sepie said. She was sitting with folded legs on the floor about a foot from the screen. Fold squatted and took her face in his grasp. â€Å"Tomorrow at six you take the tickets and go ground floor. Tell the man at the work area you need to go to the air terminal. The transport will take you.† â€Å"I know this,† she said. â€Å"Just tune in. A tall man with long hair will be there.† â€Å"Right. Jake,† Sepie said. â€Å"I know this.† â€Å"If he's not there, go to one of the men in the blue caps and reveal to him you need assistance jumping on your plane. He'll support you. At the point when you get to Houston, go into the air terminal and call this number. Tell the lady who answers that I advised you to call. She'll help you.† â€Å"And you will come and get me soon, right?† â€Å"I'll try.† â€Å"What about Roberto?† They hadn't seen the organic product bat since the mascara shelling. â€Å"Roberto will be fine. He'll live here, yet I need to go.† He kissed her on the temple and before he could pull away she folded her arms over his neck and kissed him on the lips so hard he figured he may have cut his lip. â€Å"You come get me.† â€Å"I will.† He stood and went out the entryway. A couple of moments later he heard Sepie call to him a few doors down. â€Å"Hey!† Fold turned. â€Å"How come you don't attempt to sex me?† â€Å"I will.† â€Å"Okay,† she stated, and she returned into the room. Jake was sitting tight for him at the Island Adventures shelter. A Hughes 500 helicopter with its entryways expelled sat on a cushion by the shelter. â€Å"I leased it for 60 minutes. I screw it up and we owe Mary Jean five thousand for the deposit.† Fold took a gander at the helicopter sitting on the cushion like an immense dark dragonfly and he started to get an awful inclination. â€Å"You don't need me to do what I think you need me to do, do you?† â€Å"I'll put the slip directly over the bring forth. You simply step out of one airplane onto another. Forget about it. It can't be half as terrible as what I needed to do to get the incubate left open.† Fold started to dissent, yet Jake was at that point strolling to the helicopter. Fold moved into the helicopter and slipped on the headset. Jake tossed the switches and the turbine started to cry. In almost no time the sharp edges gradually started to turn. Fold keyed the radio mike on his headset so Jake could hear him over the cutting edges. â€Å"You'll never move beyond the tower.† â€Å"I've done it before,† Jake said. â€Å"I needed to repo a Jet Ranger for a person once.† â€Å"They'll never clear you.† â€Å"There's no traffic. Plus, you believe they're going to clear you? It's Captain Midnight's stone ‘n' move express starting now and into the foreseeable future, enormous guy.† Jake pulled the aggregate switch by the side of his seat and the helicopter lifted into the air. In no time, Tuck heard the pinnacle babbling over the radio, notice the Hughes 500 to hang tight for freedom. Jake brought the helicopter up sufficiently high to free the top from the overhang and flew in a low wide hover around the air terminal, at that point started his own babble. â€Å"Honolulu Tower, this is Helicopter One, drawing nearer from the west on Runway Two. I have an issue with my tail rotor. Mentioning crisis landing.† The pinnacle returned: â€Å"Helicopter One, didn't you simply take off without clearance?† â€Å"Negative, Tower. I'm in from Maui. Solicitation crisis clearance.† Obviously, Tuck thought. Jake flew the hover underneath the radar and without the running lights. They have no clue about whether this is a similar helicopter that just took off. Jake sent the helicopter into a level turn that drew it nearer to the planes by the sheds with each revolution, similarly as it drew Tuck nearer to hurling. Jake halted the turn for a second and gestured toward a United 747. â€Å"That's your infant. Escape your bridle and prepare. They won't know you're there. Get inside and hold up two hours before you start your taxi. I don't need them to associate the helicopter with the stream. Incidentally, how're you going to get your locals on board?† €Å"they have ladders,† Tuck said. â€Å"I hope.† Tuck draped his headset behind the seat and unsnapped his bridle similarly as Jake continued his turn. Fold took hold of the seat to shield from being tossed out the open entryway. What resembled a wild airplane was, truth be told, an entirely rudimentary move called a pedal turn. Fold found no solace in that information as he watched the landing area turn beneath. Jake pulled the helicopter up without a moment to spare to miss the tail of the 747, at that point leveled it off and crawled forward along the length of the colossal airplane. The tail would darken the view from the pinnacle. â€Å"You ready?† he yelled. Fold shook his head brutally. He could see the line of the incubate he should experience. He ventured out on the slip. Jake cut the helicopter down and the slide contacted the highest point of the stream. â€Å"Now!† Fold ventured off onto the plane and dodged intuitively underneath the edges. He glanced back at Jake, shrugged, and yelled, â€Å"That was easy.† â€Å"I told you,† Jake yelled. He maneuvered the helicopter into the sky and began his turn toward the Island Adventures cushion. Fold jumped on his knees, dove his fingers into the seal around the bring forth, and pulled it open. He hopped into the dull plane, fixed the incubate behind him, at that point sat in the pilot's seat and started to consider the controls. He tapped on the nav PC and punched in the longitude and scope for Alualu, which he knew by heart, at that point pulled a bit of paper from his pocket and put in the directions for his subsequent goal. He put on a headset and turned on the radios. The recurrence was at that point set for the Honolulu tower. Jake was accepting the official FAA ass-biting of the century, however there wasn't a word about anybody dropping to the highest point of a United fly. He had recently removed the headset to settle down for the hold up when he heard a scratching sound outside the break bring forth. He opened it and Roberto thudded inside. 63 Nitty gritty The Sky Priestess was tanked. She and the Sorcerer had made 2,000,000 dollars over the most recent ten days and she was unable to try and purchase a couple of shoes. The new pilot, Nomura, was a vigorously inked, distant prick who talked peripheral English and saw her like he'd assault her in a second, not for the delight of the savagery, however to take care of her. Since his appearance, even the ninjas had begun to get arrogant, kidding in Japanese and chuckling rambunctiously when her back was turned. Indeed, even the Shark People appeared to lose their dread of her. The last time she had appeared to them the kids were left in the town. So the Sky Priestess was staring at the TV in a torn T-shirt and some warm up pants and she was tanked. The radio signaled and she let it. In the event that it hadn't run on batteries, she would have unplugged it. Rather, she tossed it through the french entryways, where it signaled the sea shore for two additional minutes, at that point halted. Whenever she saw it Sebastian was remaining in the entryway holding it like an examiner showing a homicide weapon to the jury. â€Å"I assume you think this is funny.† â€Å"Not especially. Presently on the off chance that it had hit you in the head, that would be funny.† â€Å"We have a request, Beth. A Kidney.† â€Å"Oh, great. I'm fit as a fiddle to help a medical procedure. How about we do the two kidneys. Give the purchaser a reward. What do you say?† She sloshed her tumbler of vodka. Sebastian got the void Absolut bottle from the end table. â€Å"This isn't going

Effects of Alzheimers and Risk Factors

Impacts of Alzheimers and Risk Factors Alzheimers sickness (AD) is an interminable degenerative ailment process that is as of now influencing as much as 5.3 million individuals in the United States (Alzheimers Association, 2010). This infection can cause physical and mental hardships on the customer as well as on parental figures the same. In the accompanying paper we will talk about the sickness procedure including causes and hazard factors, the impacts on the customers exercises of day by day living, the difficulties with social, family, otherworldly and social life, illness counteraction and treatment alongside long haul the executives, and finally, nursing care and mediations that can encourage the life of a customer with Alzheimers. Since the ailment brings about subjective debilitation, mental impacts will be alluded to all through the paper. So as to get a handle on the requirements of a customer with Alzheimers malady, we should initially comprehend the ailment procedure itself. As indicated by Mosbys Medical Dictionary Alzheimers sickness is characterized as, a condition described by dynamic mental decay (2009). As people age various varieties in the mind happen. A portion of these progressions remember a decline for cerebrum size, disintegration of the cerebral cortex, and lost neurons that is drastically hurried in the patient with AD. A decrease underway of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin is normal in patients with this illness (Ignatavicius Workman, 2010, p. 970). These things can therefore cause synapse passing which prompts fast memory misfortune (Mayo Clinic, 2011). There is uncertain proof on where the hindrance happens when handling data in the cerebrum. An ongoing diary article, distributed in Brain Imaging and Behavior, remarks on this progressing riddle and composes, [It is unknown] wh ether the memory debilitation results from disappointment of encoding, union or the recovery system (Blacker, OKeefe, OBrien, Pihlajamaki, Sperling, 2011. p. 37). The etiology of AD is lamentably still unidentified. It is known, notwithstanding, that individuals with this infection really have a littler measure of living synapses than an individual without the ailment. Associations in the cerebrum are likewise reduced and can't transmit as effectively (Mayo Clinic, 2011). Experts have estimated many hazard factors that they think add to a conclusion of Alzheimers malady. The two most significant variables incorporate an age more than 65, and being of the female sexual orientation. Be that as it may, hereditary components, concoction awkward nature, being of an African American plummet, lower instructive level, ecological operators, (for example, infections like herpes zoster, herpes simplex, introduction to zinc and copper), and immunological changes are for the most part likewise p otential causes (Ignatavicius Workman, 2010, p. 970). Promotion is effectively recognizable by its signs and manifestations which show in various stages. There are three phases that happen. The principal stage is the beginning stage of Alzheimers where patients will have basic distraction and frequently will deny that there is an issue, bringing about withdrawal. Stage two is continuously more awful; the patient will before long become bewildered to time, spot and occasions. In this stage incontinence just as discourse and language become dangerous for the patient. The patient starts to turn out to be continuously increasingly humiliated and unsettled. In the last stage, or stage three, the patient is not, at this point ready to think about oneself and is regularly incapable to verbalize needs or capable get up without help (Ignatavicius Workman, 2009, p. 971-972). This phase of Alzheimers essentially influences patients exercises of day by day living. Straightforward undertakings, for example, brushing teeth, brushing hair and changing garments are unthinkable for the patient to do. In light of their self-care deficiency, the patients family may need to furnish individual cares alongside ADLs and mental consolation. This can cause both passionate and budgetary worry for the family. Overlooking people groups names or faces can debilitatingly affect a patients public activity. Patients will regularly have practically zero social manners showed by shouting obscenities, playing with their own fecal issue and other forceful practices for instance. Rest designs are regularly upset and patients as a rule take visit snoozes during the day and are dynamic around evening time (sundowners disorder). This disturbs the patient and their familys every day schedule (Ignatavicius Workman, 2009, p. 973). This sort of finding could almost certainly influence their social convictions too. For instance, societies, for example, Hispanic, emphatically put stock in senior regard and dealing with the older. More distant family will frequently live under one rooftop. For these societies a patient with AD may turn out to be all the more a weight to the entire family as opposed to a culture that may acknowledge help from a nursing home or helped living focus. Otherworldly life can likewise be influenced. The customer may not, at this point have the option to go to strict administrations because of their potential social unseemliness or in light of the fact that the family may need to intently go with them. The customer may overlook, or think that its pointless, to participate in rehearses that they recently did. This may cause the customer and family to feel disappointed. Though there is no realized method to forestall AD, there are numerous mediations to forestall the confusions related with the malady. Since memory disability is the principle indication of Alzheimers the customer is relied upon to be extremely confounded and confused. The medical attendant ought to be set up to respond to all the patients questions honestly and keep that person arranged by perhaps giving single date schedules and keeping them on a non-evolving schedule. These things will assist them with becoming increasingly agreeable in their condition and be comfortable with what will occur (Ignatavicius Workman, 2010, p. 975). Approval treatment is one way that human services suppliers can accomplish both of these objectives. This treatment involves the staff part perceiving the patients emotions and worries without deceiving them or excusing the dread. For instance if the customer has just had breakfast, and comes back to the eating lobby anticipating a subsequent breakfast, a fitting reaction from the medical caretaker would be something along the lines of, I notice you are as yet eager, I will get you another bit of toast. It would be unseemly for the medical caretaker to tell the customer that the individual has just eaten in light of the fact that this may make the customer become fomented. The reaction doesn't debate the customer, yet it likewise doesn't bolster the possibility that the person in question has not had breakfast (Ignatavicius Workman, 2010, p. 975). Guardians ought to likewise advance self consideration the board. Supporting autonomy in the customers ADLs is significant for the customer with AD and can now and then assistance to delay self physical administration. The medical caretaker will likewise need to induce gut and bladder programs. It is significant that these customers are toileted at regular intervals and varying. Incontinence can be extremely humiliating for the customer and anything the staff can do to forestall this is sup ported. Staff should keep the customer all around hydrated and may need to remind the customer to drink frequently. In the event that on a 2 hour and PRN plan the customer is more averse to obtain a physical issue by attempting to get going to the restroom all alone. Next, it might be useful to routinely go for the customer on strolls and to give them something to do. Make certain to limit incitement and guarantee wellbeing. With respect to long haul the board of the sickness almost certainly, the customer will in the end should be put in a drawn out consideration setting, for example, helped living. Strangely enough, in a diary article from The International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry it expresses that ongoing proof proposes that social intercessions and strategies are more viable than some other methods for care including pharmacological methodologies. They assert that staff ought to be all around prepared to manage these customers and that they assume an enormous job in the customers generally mien and how the individual in question will adapt to dealing with their infection (Ayalon, Arean, Bornfeld, Beard, 2009, p. 118-123). For some mental administration, parental figures ought to advance memory preparing and help with facial acknowledgment. It is significant that they use redirection procedures and advance viable correspondence that has been custom fitted to that customer explicitly (Ignatavicius Workman, 2010, p. 974-978). Alzheimers sickness is intricate and has numerous segments to fruitful nursing mediations, however when followed can prompt extraordinary outcomes. Two innovative nursing mediations that we had the option to think of are (Pts. with AD ought to be engaged with social communication to diminish sentiments of weariness, nervousness and diminished confidence. A potential intercession the medical caretaker can use to support a pt. with AD is to empowering the pt. to sing with others and help choose music; this can improve the pts. temperament and conduct. It is accepted that tuning in to agreeable music during routine exercises can diminish disturbed conduct. Fun exercises, for example, playing instruments ( triangle, maraca or even a toy hand drum) can be simple for the pt. to do and furthermore engaging. ) I don't know some solution for the other one however with my grandpa we used to put an image on his entryway to enable him to recollect what room was his, yet that sort of like what we discussed previously. By 2050 it is normal that the commonness of Alzheimers infection will increment to 14 million individuals (Ignatavicius Workman, 2010, p. 970). As social insurance suppliers it is significant that we instruct ourselves on this infection since it is almost inescapable for anybody of us to abstain from thinking about a customer determined to have it. In this paper we talked about the malady procedure including causes and hazard factors, the impacts on the customers exercises of day by day living, the difficulties with social, family, otherworldly and social life, illness anticipation and treatment along wi

Town Essay Topics For Teachers

Town Essay Topics For TeachersWhile teaching students about your hometown can be one of the most rewarding aspects of being a teacher, many students tend to feel somewhat intimidated by assignments that might be difficult or even unfamiliar to them. That is why it is so important to teach students about your town, but it is even more important for students to take the time to write a good essay that takes the topic they are studying and adds a personal touch.It is quite natural for students to want to learn about city life and what makes up the city they live in. After all, their culture, history, and way of life are extremely distinct from the rest of the country. The great thing about city life is that it has much to offer the student who is willing to pay attention and learn. With a little bit of time, writing a town essay can provide a window into the people of the city.One reason that students find it so hard to write a town essay is because the topics are often new to them. You can help students by offering them topics they have not experienced before. By doing this, you will encourage students to write their own town essays.For example, let's say that a student writes a paper on a French professor from their high school. Of course, the person was so well known that the professor spent years trying to reach a younger generation of students. By introducing the professor to a younger generation, the student will have a story to tell that shows the professor's impact on the future of the town.It can also be very helpful for a student to consider how they would feel if the town had a vibrant nightlife. Would this make the town 'fun' for the students? Would the students feel as though they would have been welcomed to the town?Every writer's essay will contain topics of some sort. Even if you cannot think of an idea for a town essay, you can at least begin by thinking about some of the things you have seen or experienced in your town. It may also be a good idea to look up city life through the internet and see what other people have written about their own towns.Another idea for writing a town essay is to use photographs as the foundation for the essay. Perhaps, you have pictures of the town's skyline, old buildings, and historical landmarks. You can then research the old buildings and landmarks to show how the city changed over the years.Remember, town essays are meant to be written about something that students personally know about. There is nothing that says you can't include a little bit of information about a city when teaching students about it. It will help students to take the thoughts they have gathered and think about it in a new way.

Essay about Air Pollution and Health Disparities - 1252 Words

To a great degree the eminent problem is the air pollution we breathe. Who can help amend the air we breathe. In order to improve the quality of the air, people have to be aware of the specific mode of pollution and the effect of it. The traffic-pollution causes affliction and distress to individuals. The reason for this tragedy is due in part by every one of us. High concentration of vehicle exhausts is the main source of air pollution in urban areas. Neighborhoods in proximity to heavy traffic areas can negatively impact a community’s health conditions and outcomes. Those people that are disproportionately exposed to great levels of exhaust fumes are those who have a low socioeconomic and educational status and are part of race/ethnicity†¦show more content†¦PM2.5 fine inhalable combustion particles connecting this to serious health problem including cardiovascular disease, aggravation of respiratory and premature deaths. PM10 standard to protection against the effe ct of dust, pollen, mold, etc. exposure to coarse particles (epa.gov). 1) Primary standard (health-based) and secondary-standard (welfare-based) protect public health with an adequate margin of safety, including the health of at-risk population/pre-existing condition. 2) Secondary standard (welfare-based) protection public welfare (the state of doing well) from adverse effects, including visibility impairment and known or anticipated on the environment. METHODS CDC studies have relied on measure of traffic by the Geographical Information System (GIS) -The study say that residential proximity to major highways is part of class bias in the housing market structure and land costs, suggesting that pollutant sources are located near disadvantaged communities. Scientists say that those exposed to high levels of pollution particles over time are at higher risk for negative health effects and outcome. The environmental impact on these people’s health impairs their well-being and in most cases leads to death. The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on race and ethnicity and reveals that the people who live inShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Environmental Racism Of Los Angeles1623 Words   |  7 Pageslong history of racial division of its land. The city of angeles continues to favor elites at the expense of the minorities. This paper will demonstrate how disadvantages can affect communities while providing some possible solutions for the se disparities. A BRIEF HISTORY Racism is a broad issue. It isn’t clear when it began, as different forms of racism exist. Environmental racism, for instance, started to become a national issue in 1982 when civil rights activists wanted to block the state ofRead MoreThe Global Economy Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment. Environmental change and its consequent health impacts are driven by economic growth, population growth and urbanization. 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Labor Code - 1120 Words

Anna Chichba November 16, 2014 Labor code of Russian Federation The Russian Labor Code forms the basis of labor relations in Russia and outlines the rights of employees. The new Labor Code was adopted effective 1 February 2002. An employment contract (trudovye dogovory / Ã'‚Ã'€Ã'Æ'Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ²Ã'‹Ð µ Ð ´Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã'€Ã'‹) for any type of employment (full-time, part-time, temporary or permanent) must always be in writing, with two original copies signed by both parties, and one kept by each party. If in exceptional cases a company admits an employee without a written contract, a contract should be prepared and signed within three days of admission. All contracts must be in both Russian and English to be accepted by a Russian court, and usually contain the following:†¦show more content†¦Contract conditions 1) Trial periods (typically up to a maximum of three months) are permitted to assess the suitability of employees for a position. Certain categories of employees are not subject to a trial periods (e.g. pregnant women, minors, transferees). The trial period can be established for six months for directors, deputy directors, chief accountants, deputy chief accountants and directors of branches, representative offices. 2) Standard working hours are not to exceed 40 hours per week, with a one hour lunch break. 3) Overtime is permitted for certain categories of employees in certain circumstances, but generally should not exceed four hours in two successive days and 120 hours per year. Overtime is payable at the following rates: not less than 1.5 times of the normal salary rate per hour for the first two hours and not le ss than 2 times for subsequent hours and for work on weekends and non-working days. Also, employees have the right to demand additional days off as compensation for overtime. 4) Vacation time. Employees are entitled to 12 paid public holidays and an annual leave of at least 28 calendar days. 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The Scarlet Letter Research Paper - 1189 Words

Tyler Beal English III T. Sinclair 19 May 2013 Portraying the Scarlet A within the Characters In reality, the Scarlet Letter is many things. It has all the characteristics of a modern-day soap opera, but it is way more than some television show cast on ABC. It could be a sermon being shouted from a church attendee, but no; the Puritans are surely not the heroes in this novel. It could be a story of failure, for there are many failures cast upon the main characters, or it could be a story of revenge from an angry husband. And, maybe it could even be a story of creativity-- the attempt of one to see their artistic side in a community who disapproves a mind of imagination. The novel could mean a multitude of things, only noticed†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Just like everyone else, he wears a scarlet letter, although his, is hidden by a life of saintliness and good-heart† (Ryskamp). Not only does he live a life of self-deception, but he also shows other dark aspects of human nature, depicted by the scarlet letter A. Al l together, the â€Å"A† he is guilty of is ambition, to which he will sacrifice everything. Chillingworth and his connection to the scarlet letter may be the worst of all in the Puritan community. He, in some way, is always identified as the devil’s missionary or the devil himself, this trait shown from the moment he finds the wound on Dimmesdale’s bosom. â€Å"But what distinguished the physician’s ecstasy from Satan’s was the trait of wonder in it† (126). Pearl sees him first as a devilish figure; then, before him and Hester’s last confrontation before her confessing to Dimmesdale who he is, she sees him in the form of a satanic figure, a bat. â€Å"Chillingworth’s character displays the evilness of heart, if there is heart in him† (Ryskamp). His deformity of body finally represents a deformity of character which heart and soul play little part. 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Case Analysis Pepcid Ac Racing to the Otc Market free essay sample

The first option would be to pursue both claims of treatment and prevention, which would help differentiate their drug from other competitors OTC drugs that are also pending FDA approval. The first option could require up to 9 months of additional studies and investments to provide further evidence to the advisory committee and FDA. Conversely, they could choose the second option, to bypass the recommendations of the advisory committee and take their case directly to the FDA with the goal of being the first to enter the market. If they choose the second option, they would also need to decide whether to request approval for both claims or just the treatment claim. Option two is the best course of action based on the evidence and data presented in the case. They should only seek approval of the treatment claim and work to get the required additional evidence for the prevention claim approval in the near future to differentiate as more drugs enter the OTC market. We will write a custom essay sample on Case Analysis Pepcid Ac Racing to the Otc Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All marketing claims regarding â€Å"the uses, benefit, or efficacy of any drug† (King, et al. 2003) require approval by the FDA. JJM progress toward approval for Pepcid AC as an OTC heartburn remedy was stalled in late July of 1994. The advisory committees requested additional evidence to support JJM’s claims that Pepcid AC prevented and/or provided relief from heartburn. JJM’s largest competition for first-to-market was SmithKline Beecham’s drug Tagamet, which had also been stalled by the advisory committee for the FDA. At one time JJM had conceded the first-to-market slot SmithKline Beecham due to the recent decisions of the advisory board they had an opportunity to be first-to-market. This is the optimal time for JJM to enter the highly competitive market ahead of their three main competitors. JJM has a number of considerations when regarding competition in the growing (~15% increase per year) ulcer medication market. The importance of being first to enter the OTC ulcer/heartburn medication market and capitalization on the remaining six years of patent protection hould not be overlooked by the managers of JJM. The drug market is highly competitive, for example; Tagamet’s US prescription sales dropped by over 37% in 1993 when generic manufacturers entered the market. The FDA’s historical record generally follows the recommendations of the advisory committee, but they had made exceptions in the past. JJM needs to attempt to persuade the FDA of the validity of their current research to gain approval without the advisory board’s recommendation. Prescription Pepcid’s safety had already been approved by the FDA so JJM needs to prove the efficacy with current research of the lower dosage and consumers’ willingness to use the product safely for their OTC version. Another reason to move forward with the treatment only claim is because the FDA has been critical of all prevention claims, choosing to rely more on education for prevention. The final reason is the prevention claim was more of a strategic consideration for differentiation from Tagamet when it originally appeared to have secured the first-to-market slot. The most important position in the OTC market is the first to enter. With Tagamet stalled, JJM could now secure the position and continue to get additional clinical support of their prevention claim to differentiate Pepcid AC when the market is more saturated. Differentiation is an important consideration in the OTC market which could be classified as a â€Å"red ocean where companies try to grab bigger slices of existing demand and as time passes the water turns bloodier due to new entrants and increased competition. † (Kim and Mauborgne 2004). However, in the short run being first is more important than differentiation and JJM is fully aware of the intense OTC market from previous experience. Based on historical experience, JJM’s management â€Å"believed that the battle for market share would be over quickly, within a year of the first products entry. † (King, et al. 2003) JJM research (consumer usage behavior, concept testing, Bases I and II analysis, etc. ) indicated that the distinct difference between antacid users and prescription drug users was that antacid users took their product in â€Å"treatment† mode, yet another reason JJM should try to secure FDA approval for the treatment claim. Their concept testing resulted in value placement on long lasting benefits, 8 hours verses 4 hours of the average antacid. JJM believed its largest competitor, SmithKline Beecham, would focus on loyalty and patronage of their prescription counterpart. If JJM could secure the FDA approval faster with the treatment only claim they could focus their marketing campaign on Pepcid AC’s outperformance/long lasting benefits and added convenience over the current antacid competition. JJM’s follow-on campaign could then focus on the additional benefit of prevention, pending FDA approval. Their pricing strategy should stay $2. 95, which was competitive with the current OTC market. At this price the estimated 60% gross margin should help to offset costs during the first year and consistently for the foreseeable future even as more competitors enter the market. The BASES II testing by JJM provided evidence that first year sales would amount to $72. 7 million, after advertising, which AC Nielsen estimated to be within 9% of actual sales. There was concern of inherent cannibalization of both prescription Pepcid and the antacid Mylanta, also owned by JJM. BASES II’s research indicated ~30% of users intended to replace their prescription product with Pepcid AC, and 28%-34% would use it as a substitute for nonprescription antacids. BASES II also estimated cannibalization at 8% from prescription Pepcid and 11% from Mylanta antacid which is considerable. However, the better numbers to focus on are the percentages Pepcid AC is projected to take from its competitors, 55% OTC and 26% prescription (from Table E). Research from the BASES II testing further indicated it may be in JJM’s best interest to recruit pharmacists. In the OTC market, pharmacists should be considered as â€Å"influencers† that help customers make purchasing decisions. If JJM can gain the support of pharmacists they should help to persuade customers to use Pepcid AC over competitors and traditional antacids. SmithKline Beecham was the first to the market with Tagamet in 1977 and enjoyed 100% market share for six years. Later three drugs entered the market, including Pepcid, which now account for 95% of the prescription market for ulcer medications. JJM knows it will have the same three main competitors for the OTC version of Pepcid. It is essential for them to be the first into the OTC market so they can capitalize on the protection of their patents for as long as possible and capitalize on market share, simultaneously conducting the required research to get the prevention claim at a later date. The future prevention claim will help to further differentiate Pepcid AC when the market is filled with the other leading competitors and looming generic brands. Finally, JJM will need to work consistently on strategic advertising to both consumers and influencers (namely pharmacists) to get buy-in and support of their product against the competitors today and into the future.

Making India Work Summary

In his book, â€Å"making India work†, William Nanda Bissell has endeavored to directly confront the poverty facing India by recognizing the enormous potential that the country has at its disposal. This is in spite of the high levels of grinding poverty that afflict more than 60 percent of the population. As Bissell has rightly observed, India is not a poor country. Instead, we ought to blame the poor management structures in the country for the problems that we are now faced with (Bissell, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making India Work: Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Bissell has pointed out that India considers itself to be a superpower, and yet well over 60% of the country’s population is faced with grinding poverty. The transformative ideas that Bissell proposes are intended to ensure wealth generation at the grassroots level, as opposed to relying on a trickle-do wn effect. One cannot help but observe how Bissell’s book is an attempt to provide solutions to the problems that been forecasted by Mahatma Gandhi in his fundamental principles of living. According to Gandhi, need, as opposed to greed, ought to constitute the foundation of all forms of consumptions and in light of this, he made a clarion call for suitably scaled institutions, that is, locally decentralize institutions that can easily be access by the people. In addition, he also warns us against blindly imitating the consumption and industrialization patterns that are a characteristic of the western nations. In his book, Bissell has endeavored to capture four fundamental ideas: Scaling down government Bissell proposes the adoption of a government structure that consists of four levels. In this case, Bissell recommends that the community should constitute the fundamental and active unit of government, effectively replacing the Panchayats (Bissell, 2010). Bissell proposes that the community should be made up of 25,000 people. In addition, he has also recommended that districts should be replaced by a group of 100 communities, or what he refers to as an Area. Moreover, a collection of 10 Areas would effectively replace the state. At the highest level of these 4 stages of structural governance is the Nation (Bissell, 2010). Bissell has advocated for a simplification of the government, in addition to ensuring that its roles are reduced by way of setting standards, individual rights, and monitoring and regulating compliance. Furthermore, Bissell asserts that this structure would be most ideal in helping to reduce the bureaucracy that characterizes the Indian government. At the moment, there are 22 million strong government servants and Bissell is convinced that this figure should be reduced to 2 million government servants. Ending poverty The Indian government has assumed a scattered approach in its quest to alleviate poverty. As a result, only a fraction of the financial assistance really reaches the intended beneficiaries. As a result, a majority of the Indian shall still remain poor. In order to end the poverty cycle, Bissell recommends the adoption of a voucher system, one that he has called Targeted Catalysts.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case, the Targeted Catalyst would ensure that each individual is guaranteed of receiving six fundamental services namely, drinking water, nutrition, healthcare, sewage disposal, education, and legal assistance (Bissell, 2010). The private sectors would be charged with the responsibility of ensuring that these essential services are provided to those in need, for purposes of increasing effectiveness and efficiency. Therefore, Indians in need of these vital services would receive the vouchers from the government and present them to the private service providers, who would then have to be reimbursed for the services provided by the government (Bissell, 2010). Further, Bissell has recommended that the reimbursement value should be pegged on the quality rating of such a private providers, meaning that those who are in a position to provide better services also receive better pay. Tax simplification The prevailing excesses of taxes namely, capital gains tax, incomes tax, excise duty, and sales tax, among others, often times discourage productivity. In addition, a high collection and compliance cost is often attached to these taxes (Bissell, 2010). In a bid to overcome these shortcomings, Bissell has proposed the adoption of a simple system of taxation that is primarily based on property tax that is an annual rate of one percent on the value of property, to be collected by communities. Bissell further contends that even as the prevailing tax system has the potential to realize approximately $120 billion in terms of annual revenue, nonetheless, the proposed new system has the potential to realize a total annual revenue collection of $300 billion at a lesser cost than that accrued by the current system of taxation (Bissell, 2010). In addition, Bissell argues that embracing the proposed new system of revenue collection would ensure that the community government becomes empowered since most of the revenues collection, along with a spending of the same on the identified Targeted Catalysts would effectively occur at the Community level. The Real Cost Bissell has endeavored to unearth the underlying cause of the failure by the modern day capitalist nations. In this regard, he argues that today’s capitalism has not succeeded in placing the deserved value on the real cost of production, such as the environmental cost of producing products, the actual cost of production, as well as the cost of disposal (Bissell, 2010). As a result, Bissell argues that there is need to take into account the real cost of a product when we are computing its pricing. In t he same way, as citizens, access to clean water and air constitutes the basic human rights and as such, we are entitled to these. Bissell has also observed that environmental exchanges shall enable those communities that have invested in clean water, biodiversity and forest to trade credits with their counterparts who are still aging behind.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Making India Work: Summary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, this shall translate into increased investment in efforts to ensure greener environments (Bissell, 2010). Besides, Bissell has also presented a worked out transition and National Asset Corporation plan that would make use of the public sector assets value for purposes of financing government downsizing efforts, along with other transition costs. Reflection Bissell has managed to accurately diagnose the challenges facing India. For example, he has vividly managed to illus trate how mere talk on sustainability, poverty alleviation and inclusive growth may not actually succeed until our governance, political, welfare, justice economics, development and planning systems have all been fundamentally transformed. There is need to appreciated the fact that India should not be compared with a machine that require re-engineering. The recommendations provided by Bissell are too prescriptive, not to mention that they almost solely rely on rational thinking, economics concepts, and design and engineering, and have failed to take into account the cultural, emotional sociological and relationships aspects. For instance, Bissell is convinced that if the right system has been implemented, individuals and communities alike shall rationally and automatically work hard in order to ensure maximization, in addition to ensuring that the accruing benefits are equitably shared. In yet another example, Bissell has recommended that the community and state boundaries be reorga nized on the basis of the overall population, with little or no regard fro linguistic, ethnic, and cultural identities. Even as Bissell’s suggestion still remains a logical and fundamental one, nonetheless, he has abhorrently misjudged the potential ensuring emotional responses. Bissell should have considered the significance attached to emotional and cultural identities that simultaneously â€Å"empower† and â€Å"divide† and â€Å"hold a system together†. Group behavior is characterized by various unique elements, such as the issue of systemic influences, individual vs. collective morality, and downward causation, among others. Apparently, in deriving his solutions to ensuring that India works, Bissell has somewhat ignored these aspects. Bissell has also been seen to assume a â€Å"mechanistic† view of the systems. In this regard, he has sought to view the various systems in the Indian government and government as machines capable of being disman tled, re-engineered or assembled. Nonetheless, it is important to appreciate the fact that the proposal by Bissell to downsize the various economic and governance systems in India is not only a relevant undertaking, but also one that would result in increased transparency and enhanced service delivery. Change is painful and as such, there is often the urge to resist it. However, through a redesigning of the subsystems and systems in India, this would effectively acts as a stepping stone towards the transformation of India into a prosperous and sustainable nation. Reference Bissell, W. N. (2010). Making India Work. New Delhi: Penguin Books.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Making India Work: Summary was written and submitted by user Giovanni F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Clifford Brown essays

Clifford Brown essays Clifford Brown was born in Wilmington, Delaware on the 30th of October 1930. Brown began playing a trumpet his father gave him in early high school, and by his late teens was playing in collage and other youth bands. Throughout high school he studied jazz harmony and theory, trumpet, vibes, piano, and bass with Robert Lowery. At this time he was attracting the attention of many lead players such as Fats Navarro, Dizzy Gillespie and Miles Davis. Brown had his opportunity to play with many of these great musicians, but formed a close relationship with Fats Navarro who became his mentor. By the end of the 40s he had won a scholarship to study music at the University of Maryland, and in 1950 he was involved in a car accident that was quite serious, and put him in the hospital from June of that year until May of 1951. Shortly after the accident Brown recorded with Chris Powell and Tadd Dameron from 1952 till 1953. In autumn 1953, Brown was a member of the Lionel Hampton and went on tour in Europe and North Africa. On this tour the band drew considerable attention because of the high level of talent in the band. Even thought it was against the contract that each band member signed, many of the musicians moonlighted on various recordings and in particular Brown was singled out for many of these sessions. After the tour was over and the band returned to the USA, Brown, along with most of the rest of the band, was fired when Hampton found out about the recordings. In 1954 Brown joined Art Blakey and teamed up with Max Roach to form the Clifford Brown-Max Roach Quintet. This group was quickly noted as on of the most outstanding contempory jazz combos. They recorded for labels such as: Blue Note, Prestige, EmArcy, GNP, and Pacific Jazz. This was also the point in time where Brown became well-recognized trumpet player in the USA and as a composer. In June 1956, after a late night gig Brown was t ...

Explain the terms span of control and control loss. Are these concepts Essay - 1

Explain the terms span of control and control loss. Are these concepts useful in understanding the design of organizations - Essay Example The early researchers have given a great consideration towards the ideal specific number of span of control and it has been generally assumed that small span of control maintains close control. It is believed that if the manager fails to achieve the control over its subordinates, then the issue of control loss may arise. Control loss is another important concept in the organisations. Actually span of control gives a control to managers over their subordinates. When the span of control is wide and organisation has a decentralised structure, the managers have less control over their subordinates and they encourage their employees to work in more independence. Galbraith and Williamson argue that decentralisation in organisations reduces the information costs and enhance the organisational efficiency however; it can contribute to control loss (Stevens, 1993, pp. 10). In this essay, the importance of the concepts of span of control and control loss has been discussed to understand the org anisational designs. Span of control is very important when it comes to design the structure of the organisations. Span of control is of the major determinants of the organisational structure. A relatively wide span of control and few hierarchical levels form a flat organisational structure. ... It means that span of control, control loss and organisational design are interrelated concepts and organisations have to consider the role of span of control and control loss in the organisational designs. Ivancevich, Konopaske, & Matteson (2008, pp.540) argue that creation of organisational design involves four major decisions including the decision of division of labour, the decisions of delegation of authority, the decision of departmentalisation and decision of span of control. Actually span of control is a major determinant of organisational design because it creates the number of hierarchical levels in the organisations. Span of control not only defines the relationships of formally assigned subordinated but it also considers those who have access to manager. To achieve the defined organisation objectives, designing the right organisational design and structure if very important. The process of development of organisational design with setting the goals and objectives of organ isational design and the next step is to group or relate the various functions, in which the concept of span of control is very important (Amrine, Ritchey, Moodie & Kmec, 1993, pp.88). For example, if few functions logically relate to each, they can be groups under one group and through span of control the reporting of the employees can be determined like who will report to whom. The researchers have always been interested in determining how an ideal span of control contributes to a good organisational design. Fisch (1963 cited in Dive, 2004, pp.115) argues that if the number of subordinated reporting to each manager is too small (in other words, if the span of control is narrow), the company will be too heavy, costly to run,

How did Bill Gates became successful Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How did Bill Gates became successful - Essay Example â€Å"Bill Gates: Profile of a Digital Entrepreneur†). Bill Gates was born in an upper-middle class family of Seattle on 28th October, 1955. His father was a reputed lawyer in the town and his mother being one of the Board of Directors in the Interstate Bank of Seattle, played a vital role in many other significant and dominant institutions of the then society. Being monetarily and psychologically quite secured, Bill Gates developed his interest towards technology and especially computers. Gradually he became passionate about developing software which later emerged as a significant reason for his friendship with Paul Allen who afterward was recognized as his companion in personal as well as professional life. At an early age of only 13 years, Bill Gates and his companion Paul Allen were encouraged by the Computer Centre Corporation for the development of advanced software languages (Lockwood, B. â€Å"Bill Gates: Profile of a Digital Entrepreneur†). In his later years, Bill Gates improved his competitiveness. It was during this course of time that Bill Gates depicted his enthusiasm and early entrepreneurial skills supported with his desire for complete power to control. It is worth mentioning that his competitiveness and strong desire to innovate as well as to control the world of technology at a very early age, followed by a few denials along with supports and several arguments led to the recognition of the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation (Guth, â€Å"Raising Bill Gates†). Bill Gates is currently known as one of the wealthiest peoples in the world, an excellent software titan, the co-founder and present CEO of the multinational information technology giant company, Microsoft Incorporation. He is also an investor, author and philanthropist in his personal life. Many people may consider this as the success of Bill Gates. However, from an in-depth perspective, it is unequivocally observable that the main achievement of Bill

Child Life During the American Revolution Essay Example for Free

Child Life During the American Revolution Essay During the American Revolution, children were not a big involvement in it, but, they were still active during it. Well, during this time, there was not really a good schools system for children. Boys were usually out working a job or going to school. They did most of the money work out of all the children. Also, while the boys were working, the girls were at home learning proper etiquette from their mother or a house slave. Girls were taught to be very lady-like during all hours. It was very rare to see a girls go to school getting a proper education. Lastly, some of the older boys were out fighting in the Revolutionary War. Boys would do war work at a young age back then. One thing that boys did during the American Revolution is go to school and get jobs. Their type of school system during the American Revolution was not like our school system today. In the late 1700s weren’t as structured, settled, and complicated. At the schools the boys went to they learn mostly about Christianity and how to read and write. Boys went to grammar school and college. There was a public school that was free for education and then there was a private school that you have to pay. People in the Middle Class and Upper Class were usually the only class of people that attended school. Back then, school wasn’t mandatory. If a boy wasn’t in school he would usually be working. It was usually a low paying job because money was limited during the American Revolution. There are very few jobs that a boy (not a man) can get during the American Revolution. One of the only jobs a boy could get is a place in the war. As in, they’d be participating in the Revolutionary War. One thing that girls did during the American Revolution is staying at home learning proper etiquette. They’d usually learn this from their mother. If they were in a household where slaves were treated respectably and knew how to read and write, (for example, how Miss Mary Finch treated Isabel and her family in the book Chains by Laurie Halse Anderson) then sometimes an elderly house slave would teach her while her mom is gone. Sometimes when a family doesn’t own a slave they stay home and clean, usually. It was very rare for a girl to have a proper education in this period of time. Girls were not allowed in in grammar school or college, but most girls still knew how to read and write. I a girl waned to have an education whatsoever she would have to attend a homeschooled education. Homeschooled girls were not educated at the same level the boys that went to school were. The girls were taught religion too, but, hey were only taught simple math and simple English. They weren’t really taught anything complicated. Lastly, a common job that a boy would get during the American Revolution is going into the Revolutionary War. Though most of the men fighting in the war were from the ages 8 to 50 or 60, there were boys that were 12 at the youngest. The actually had a pretty important job in the war. Most of the 12, 13, and 14 year olds were â€Å"drummer boys†. The drummer boys made â€Å"field music† for the soldiers. The drums were an important means of conveying orders to the soldiers on the battlefield. Some children were â€Å"powder monkeys†. â€Å"Powder moneys† are the people whose job was to run and carry powder charges from the lower ship below the waterline to the gun crews shooting the cannons during the battles. The older kids (about 15 or 16) went out to sea as midshipmen. A midshipman is a navel cadet. As you can see, children weren’t handed that many opportunities during this period of time. There weren’t children out playing with their friends, going to the movies, etc. They were very limited to what they could do. Boys could, really, only go to school or get a job. Girls just stayed home and rarely go a proper education. Also, boys could join he war. The child life during the American Revolution was very limited.

never say never :: essays research papers

"Ok, so let me see if I've got this straight." I was on the phone with my friend Bob. I've known Bob for years. He's a former Navy guy who now does electrician work at Disneyworld. He's seriously bright, but doesn't know squat about computers. And he was trying, once again, to figure out what the heck I was doing with my life. "You're starting another Notes publication?" He stretched out the word "another" so it seemed that he was entirely incredulous of my actions. "Well, yeah," I responded with some enthusiasm. "But this one's on both Notes and Domino." "I think I understand Notes. It's this kinda email, database, group-think thing from IBM, right?" I hadn't heard it described exactly like that, but he was certainly in the ballpark. "But what the heck is Domino? Didn't Kim Basinger play Domino in Never Say Never Again? You're writing about a Bond girl?" I shook my head. Of course, he couldn't see that through the phone. "Uh, no Bob. We're not doing a journal on James Bond, as cool as that might seem. We're doing a journal on Lotus Domino, a very cool server technology, and on Notes. They work together." "So you're not writing about Claudine Auger, who plays Domino Derval in Thunderball. And you're not writing about Kim Basinger, who pretty much remakes the character as Domino Petachi in Never Say Never Again," Bob was spouting Bond flick facts with a scary degree of finesse. "You're just doing another techy journal on this Lotus Domino thing?" "Yep." "But haven't you done this before?" Bob was right. We had done this before. In fact, we'd created no less than four Lotus journals, and a book. Back in 1993, I wrote a book called Lotus Notes 3 Revealed! It was the second book ever on Notes and was quite popular. Based on the success of the book, we did our first journal, Workspace for Lotus Notes. Since we were new to the whole journal publishing business, we partnered with The Cobb Group division of Ziff Davis. Ziff, as you probably know, is the largest independent publisher of computer magazines, and Cobb is their division that produces journals and newsletters. The other part of the "we" in this, by the way, is Managing Editor and Vice President of Publishing, Denise Amrich. While I've been responsible for the overall direction and technical vision of the publications (the editor-in-chief), Denise has been responsible for making it all happen.

Human Rights Problem

On May 21, 1999, a local road construction company, Dumez Limited, attacked a group of peaceful protesters with clubs, daggers, axes, machetes, and other dangerous weapons. Tension began to arise when on April 26, 1999 the company began destroying newly planted crops of local farmers in the Ogoni kingdom of Gokana. They did so without paying adequate compensation for the crops or carrying out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the road project, as required by international environmental standards. On May 8, 1998, a Human Rights Defender, Olisa Agbakoba, was arrested at Murtala International Airport in Lagos. The arresting officers were members of the Security Force, an agency of the Nigerian government. No reason for his arrest was given. This arrest was preceded by an earlier encounter in March 1998 where he was attacked and arrested by members of the Nigerian Police when he tried to speak at a pro-democracy rally in Yaba, Lagos. On January 8th and March 23rd of 1998, Batom Mitee and Barileresi Mitee who are brothers of Ledum Mitee, President of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), were arrested. No charges were ever given for their arrests. Batum Mitee was kept detained for several weeks without having access to his lawyers, his family, or a doctor. On January 18, 1998 he was brought before a judge who declared that the case was not within his competence because of its political character. Mitee was later transferred to a military hospital because of the beatings and ill treatment inflicted by the military. These incidents of brutality and harassment are just a few examples of the abuse by members of the police, security forces, and Nigerian government and how it remains to be a persistent human rights problem. There are numerous underlying factors that contribute to the problem of human rights in Nigeria. One the major factors is that of religion. Religious differences often correspond to regional and ethnic differences. For example, the northern region is overwhelmingly Muslim, as are the large Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups of that area. Many southern ethnic groups are predominantly Christian. About half the country†s population practice Islam and about 40% practice Christianity. Approximately 10% practice exclusively traditional indigenous religions or no religion at all. Many persons practice both elements of Christianity or Islam and elements of an indigenous traditional religion. Consequently, it is difficult to distinguish religious discrimination from ethnic and regional discrimination, which is pervasive. Although the government has never outlawed proselytizing, it continues to discourage and criticize it publicly because it believes that it stimulates religious tensions. Both Christian and Muslim organizations allege that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Immigration Department restricted the entry into the country of certain religious practitioners, particularly persons suspected of intending to proselytize. Consequently, Nigeria†s constitution prohibits state and local governments from adopting an official religion. Though Nigerian law prohibits religious discrimination, it is common for government officials to discriminate against persons who practice a religion different from their own, notably in hiring or awarding contracts. There have been documented reports of harassment of Christian missions by local government officials in predominantly Islamic regions. In April and again in August 1998, the local council of Lafia, in Nasarawa State, reportedly ordered the closure of a Protestant Christian mission church in connection with a dispute about the mission†s title to the land. In March 1998, State Security Service officers detained and interrogated the mission†s pastor. The mission sought to convert members of the generally Islamic Kambari ethnic group. The lack of concern for the environment and the people that it affects has also been a major concern in the struggle for human rights. Since 1958, oil companies such as Shell have exploited oil wealth in the region of the Ogoni people. As a consequence, they have suffered extreme economic deprivation and the environmental devastation of their land. Since Shell began drilling in Nigeria†s Niger Delta, it has spilled oil on farmland and in water sources, bulldozed across farms and flared gas just meters from Ogoni villages. The people of Ogoniland suffer extreme health problems from the air and water pollution. The Nigerian military has played a significant role in the continued persecution of the Ogoni. When the Ogoni began to demand environmental justice, villages were attacked, villagers were killed and their leader was executed by the judgment of a military court. Shell has even admitted to paying the military, which brutally silences voices crying for justice from the government of Nigeria and Shell, along with other multinational oil corporations. Shell is only one of many multinational oil corporations operating in Nigeria. Mobil, Chevron, and Texaco are also found in Nigeria, operating as partners of the Nigerian government, as required by Nigerian law. â€Å"Shell is certainly not the only Oil Corporation that abuses its money, power, and feeling of superiority over the people of Nigeria. † The country†s population of about 120 million is ethnically diverse, comprising more than 250 ethnic groups, many of which speak distinct primary languages and are concentrated geographically. There is no majority ethnic group. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa-Fulani of the north, Yoruba of the southwest, and Igbos of the southeast, who together make up about two-thirds of the population. The fourth largest group, the Ijaw, has a population of approximately 12 million. â€Å"Societal discrimination on the basis of ethnicity is widely practiced by members of all ethnic groups and is evident in private sector hiring patterns, de facto ethnic segregation of urban neighborhoods and a continuing paucity of marriage across major ethnic and regional lines. There is a long history of tension among diverse ethnic groups. Although the country†s successive constitutions all have prohibited ethnic discrimination by the State, northerners and particularly Hausas have long been predominant in the national government, including the military officer corps. Tradition continued to impose considerable pressure on individual government officials to favor their own ethnic groups and ethnic favoritism persisted. Resentment of northern domination of the Government aggravated by the suspension of federal decentralization under the Abacha regime and resentment of Igbo success in private commerce, have contributed to ethnic and regional tensions. Possibly the most controversial issue within Nigeria is that of the political structure of the government. Since Nigeria received its independence from Britain, in 1960, there has been conflict in regards to the military and authoritarian system of government that existed. The citizens of Nigeria have longed for a democratic system of government that included themselves as active proponents. Nigeria became a Republic in 1963 and Nnamdi Azikiwe was made the President of the Federal Republic. In January of 1966, some Igbo army officials staged a coup d†etat to overthrow the government, who were primarily Hausa, because they objected to the population census. They felt it over estimated that number of people in the northern region thereby giving them a larger representation in the federal parliament. They succeeded in killing many of the senior officers but Azikiwe was not harmed. As a result of the attempted coup, the government promised a progressive program, a return to civilian rule determined by elections, and vowed to stamp out corruption and violence. Though idealistic in theory, these promises were never realized. Instead, it became the common practice of the government to consider democracy, but continue to practice authoritarian rule. Nigeria would bear witness to numerous coup attempts over the next three decades, most involving the transition to democracy. It wasn†t until the death of Sani Abacha, possibly the most famous President of Nigeria, in June 1998 that civilian rule would be realized. A new transition program was established that would lead the country back to democracy by Abdulsalam Abubakar, the man chosen to replace Abacha. After a series of elections, Olusegun Obasanjo was declared the new and current, democratically elected president on May 29, 1999. At the end of May 1999, Nigeria completed its transition from authoritarian rule to a formal democracy. A number of Nigerian groups have managed to create strong institutional structures, with narrowly defined mandates and internal staff structures as well as program plans. While there are still growing pains within many of these groups, this type of planning process has resulted in â€Å"the Nigerian human rights community†s being far ahead of its anglophone neighbors in putting human rights institutions into place. † The Center for Advanced Social Sciences (CASS) was formed in 1992 and is based in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. CASS is a think tank concerned with improving management and public policy in Africa. It has a Board of Trustees and is governed by an international Board of Directors. The Civil Liberties Organization (CLO), established in 1987, is one of Nigeria†s largest human rights organizations. The CLO is a non-governmental organization set up for the defense and expansion of human rights and civil liberties. It investigates human rights abuses and campaigns through litigation, publications, and communications with the government on behalf of people whose rights have been abused. Another human rights advocate is the Constitutional Rights Project (CRP) that was set up in 1990. Their aims are to ensure that Nigerian legislation conforms to international standards, monitor institutions whose activity impact on the rights of citizens, and to provide legal assistance to victims of human rights abuses. The cry for human rights reform in Nigeria hasn†t fallen on deaf ears from those of the international community. On November 12, 1998 the 53rd session of the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) met to discuss the situation of human rights in Nigeria. The General Assembly reaffirmed that Nigeria is a party to the International Covenant on Human Rights and thereby making it a Member State. All Member States have an obligation to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. The Nigerian government was â€Å"strongly encouraged† that the establishment and strengthening of national structures and institutions in the field of human rights are of the utmost importance for the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria. The sanctions imposed on Nigerian government by the European Union, the Commonwealth and the government of the United States of America were to be lifted in light of the progress made towards the restoration of democratic government and respect for human rights. The Nigerian government in its transition to democracy was applauded for its establishment of the Independent National Electoral Commission and the issuance of a detailed timetable for the election process. Overall, the UN General Assembly was satisfied with the progress of the Nigerian government in its transition to democracy. Nigeria has seen some very turbulent times in its history as it relates to democracy and human rights. Democracy consolidation, which appears to be the most immediate challenge for the human rights movement in post transition Nigeria, will require forward thinking and cohesive action on the part of the human rights community. It has been clearly demonstrated that in Africa relatively free and fair elections observed by international monitor and elaborate â€Å"handing over ceremonies† will not necessarily bring about genuine democracy and a human rights culture. Civil society organizations will have to work gradually to expand the democratic space and rebuild the institutions of civil society. The long years of military dictatorship have decimated these institutions and virtually erased the rule of law according to AFRONET Reports. Though politicians glibly vocalize democratic jargon, it is still evident that democratic values and attitudes are not yet commonplace in the political class. Also, among ordinary Nigerians, popular mentalities need to change; the people have become accustomed to not expecting anything but the worst from their leaders in terms of political leadership, economic management and respect for civil liberties and human dignity. The average Nigerian has been driven by economic hardship to adopt a survivalist mode of life in which he or she is preoccupied with access to the bare necessities of life and does not demand or expect accountability or respect for human rights from their leaders. The Nigerian government, though its history is not favorable, is making sincere efforts to overwrite its history. But unless the human rights community and the people they represent adopt a more positive attitude towards its government, change can not be realized.

Mattie Silver by Ethan Frome - 764 Words

â€Å"Magic Mirror, on the wall, who is the fairest one of all?† the Evil Queen inquiries (1). In the novella Ethan Frome, Mattie Silver (Snow White) surpasses the beauty of every living organism in Starkfield. Zenobia Frome correlates herself with the Evil Queen. Furthermore, Zeena, a hypochondriac in the eyes of Ethan Frome, is used as a foil for Mattie Silver. In the dark and gloomy tale of Ethan Frome, the story emerges as an inverted fairytale. The â€Å"fairy maiden† anthropomorphizes into a greater evil than the Evil Queen, herself. Snow White was known for her pale skin, red lips, and her beautiful voice. Alike Snow White, Edith Wharton sedulously attaches red and light with Mattie Silver, symbolizing her with a red scarf. Ethan Frome and Zeena are associated with dark and grim colors blending in with their haggard surroundings. Ethan is in awe when he sees Mattie, his silver lining. Zeena envies Mattie indirectly in the story and goes out of her way to make he r seem like a horrendous person. Moreover, Zeena emerges as the powerful Evil Queen in Ethan Frome that successfully wins. Thus, in Ethan Frome, Edith Wharton taints the classic fairytale to become a disastrous tragedy of two lovers. Undoubtedly, Wharton exemplifies Zeena’s rigid and haggard physical appearance to portray the â€Å"Evil Queen† in Ethan Frome. Edith paints the picture of a â€Å"sallow-complexioned and old at thirty-five† Zeena Frome, accentuating her â€Å"high protruding cheekbones, lashless lids over piercingShow MoreRelatedIsolation Between Ethan Frome And Mattie Silver1502 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping relationships between the characters, whether friendly or hostile. An obvious relationship that is formed is the one between Ethan Frome and Mattie Silver. Mattie was brought in by Zenobia, or Zeena, Frome as an assistant around their house. Ethan, being isolated from most other people that would bring him happiness, quickly begins to fal l in love with Mattie. This is made clear early on, stating, The girl was more than the bright serviceable creature he had thought her. She had an eye toRead MoreThe Character Of Mattie Silver1743 Words   |  7 PagesThe Character of Mattie Silver Edith Wharton is very popular for giving much importance to woman characters in her novels. She started writing before the World War II and the status of women was not the same as it is today. Women were only supposed to cook, clean and do chores around the house. In Wharton’s novel Ethan Frome, the character of Mattie Silver is not portrayed as any other woman of that time. She was different. Born in 1862, Edith Wharton Newbold Jones was brought up within the gracefulRead Moreethan frome motif essay975 Words   |  4 Pages English 11 AT set 1 B/D Ethan Frome Essay Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome: Connections to Motifs Motifs are interesting literary devices, treasured by many authors, to make up or help support the plotline of each story written. In the novella Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, she uses the motif of parallelism of the setting of Starkfield, Massachusetts, and other characters such as Ethan Frome and Mattie Silver, to help describe the way that Starkfield and other factors entangle each characterRead More Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome: Ethan Frome as Fairy Tale750 Words   |  3 PagesEthan Frome as Fairy Tale    Edith Whartons Ethan Frome is vividly real to its readers, its issues continually relevant to society, but through its structure and moral lessons, it is intended to be read as a fairy tale. Elizabeth Ammons discusses this fairy tale in her article Ethan Frome as a Fairy Tale, explaining that the novel is a vision of the narrators. As evidenced by the introductory chapter, the narrator truly has few clues as to the real story of Ethan Frome, and theseRead MoreEdith Wharton Shows Love Can be Stupid in Ethan Frome Essay721 Words   |  3 Pageslove is the strongest force in the Universe, but by god, â€Å"Ethan Frome† by Edith Wharton shows it can also be the stupidest. â€Å"Ethan Frome† a Fictional Romantic (and somewhat ironic) novel follows a man named Ethan Frome in his cold, melancholic life in Starkfield, Massachussetts during the late 19th century. Frome is unhappy, married, and desperate. That is until he meets Mattie Silver; his hope for a better life. Breaking down â€Å"Ethan Frome† the reader can realize that this is far more than a loveRead MoreComparison of Jim from Huckleberry Finn or Ethan Frome1540 Words   |  6 Pages How can you compare Jims situation from Huck FInn to Ethan Fromes situation. How are the two characters alike and how are they different. Base your answers on information regarding their genre. Which character has more of a chance of making it and why? Jim from The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn and Ethan Frome from Ethan Frome share many incidents in a indistinguishable occurrence. They also share many qualities that allow each of these two characters to have divergent and duplicate qualitiesRead More Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome: Development of the Novel and Characters937 Words   |  4 Pages The Development of   the Novel and Characters nbsp;   In the novel Ethan Frome, by Edith Wharton, the character of Ethan Frome plays an important role in the development of the rest of the book. He has several character traits which distinguish him from the other main characters. Also, there are many factors which play against him throughout the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The physical appearance of Ethan Frome played a significant part in creating his character. He was a tall, thin man. HeRead More The Wicked Witch and Snow White Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesThe Wicked Witch and Snow White Edith Wharton presents two memorable characters in her novel, Ethan Frome. The reader is presented with Mattie Silver who is young, and good-natured, and Zeena Frome, who is a bitter hypochondriac seven years her husband’s senior. Upon a first inspection, Zeena Frome and Mattie Silver of Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome seem to be extreme opposites in every respect, but upon closer scrutiny, one finds though they are indeed different in character, though they eventuallyRead MoreEthan Frome Analysis794 Words   |  4 PagesEthan Frome Essay Throughout the tragic yet romantic novella, â€Å"Ethan Frome†, written by Edith Wharton, the protagonist, Ethan Frome, experiences frequent loss of hope in his life. The story follows his daily struggles and how those defeats in human nature impact him, as well as others, later on. Furthermore, the author reveals how his decisions lead to irreversible mistakes, which shows the irony in his situations. Ethan feeling hopeless and defeated is majorly expressed in the story. For exampleRead MoreIrony in Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton Essay examples1035 Words   |  5 Pagestragic novella, Ethan Frome, presents a crippled and lonely man – Ethan Frome – who is trapped in a loveless marriage with a hypochondriacal wife, Zenobia â€Å"Zeena† Frome. Set during a harsh, â€Å"sluggish† winter in Starkfield, Massachusetts, Ethan and his sickly wife live in a dilapidated and â€Å"unusually forlorn and stunted† New-England farmhouse (Wharton 18). Due to Zeena’s numerous complications, they employ her cousin to help around the house, a vivacious young girl – Mattie Silver. With Mattie’s presence